Good Molecules Caffeine Energizing Hydrogel Eye Patches 30 Pairs

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a b c Wright GA, Baker DD, Palmer MJ, Stabler D, Mustard JA, Power EF, Borland AM, Stevenson PC (March 2013). "Caffeine in floral nectar enhances a pollinator's memory of reward". Science. 339 (6124): 1202–4. Bibcode: 2013Sci...339.1202W. doi: 10.1126/science.1228806. PMC 4521368. PMID 23471406. Grgic J (March 2018). "Caffeine ingestion enhances Wingate performance: a meta-analysis" (PDF). European Journal of Sport Science. 18 (2): 219–225. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2017.1394371. PMID 29087785. S2CID 3548657. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 March 2020 . Retrieved 2 December 2019.

A neuroprotective effect of caffeine against Alzheimer's disease and dementia is possible but the evidence is inconclusive. [127] [128] Caffeine can be quantified in blood, plasma, or serum to monitor therapy in neonates, confirm a diagnosis of poisoning, or facilitate a medicolegal death investigation. Plasma caffeine levels are usually in the range of 2–10mg/L in coffee drinkers, 12–36mg/L in neonates receiving treatment for apnea, and 40–400mg/L in victims of acute overdosage. Urinary caffeine concentration is frequently measured in competitive sports programs, for which a level in excess of 15mg/L is usually considered to represent abuse. [209] Analogs a b "ICD-11 – Mortality and Morbidity Statistics". icd.who.int. Archived from the original on 1 August 2018 . Retrieved 25 November 2019. Withdrawal can cause mild to clinically significant distress or impairment in daily functioning. The frequency at which this occurs is self-reported at 11%, but in lab tests only half of the people who report withdrawal actually experience it, casting doubt on many claims of dependence. [121] Mild physical dependence and withdrawal symptoms may occur upon abstinence, with greater than 100mg caffeine per day, although these symptoms last no longer than a day. [2] Some symptoms associated with psychological dependence may also occur during withdrawal. [6] The diagnostic criteria for caffeine withdrawal require a previous prolonged daily use of caffeine. [122] Following 24 hours of a marked reduction in consumption, a minimum of 3 of these signs or symptoms is required to meet withdrawal criteria: difficulty concentrating, depressed mood/ irritability, flu-like symptoms, headache, and fatigue. [122] Additionally, the signs and symptoms must disrupt important areas of functioning and are not associated with effects of another condition. [122] Caffeine is a bitter, white crystalline purine, a methylxanthine alkaloid, and is chemically related to the adenine and guanine bases of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). It is found in the seeds, fruits, nuts, or leaves of a number of plants native to Africa, East Asia and South America, [18] and helps to protect them against herbivores and from competition by preventing the germination of nearby seeds, [19] as well as encouraging consumption by select animals such as honey bees. [20] The best-known source of caffeine is the coffee bean, the seed of the Coffea plant. People may drink beverages containing caffeine to relieve or prevent drowsiness and to improve cognitive performance. To make these drinks, caffeine is extracted by steeping the plant product in water, a process called infusion. Caffeine-containing drinks, such as coffee, tea, and cola, are consumed globally in high volumes. In 2020, almost 10 million tonnes of coffee beans were consumed globally. [21] Caffeine is the world's most widely consumed psychoactive drug. [22] [23] Unlike most other psychoactive substances, caffeine remains largely unregulated and legal in nearly all parts of the world. Caffeine is also an outlier as its use is seen as socially acceptable in most cultures and even encouraged in others.

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Caffeine in coffee and other caffeinated drinks can affect gastrointestinal motility and gastric acid secretion. [86] [87] [88] In postmenopausal women, high caffeine consumption can accelerate bone loss. [89] [90] Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction: Supercritical carbon dioxide is an excellent nonpolar solvent for caffeine, and is safer than the organic solvents that are otherwise used. The extraction process is simple: CO 2 is forced through the green coffee beans at temperatures above 31.1°C and pressures above 73 atm. Under these conditions, CO 2 is in a " supercritical" state: It has gaslike properties that allow it to penetrate deep into the beans but also liquid-like properties that dissolve 97–99% of the caffeine. The caffeine-laden CO 2 is then sprayed with high-pressure water to remove the caffeine. The caffeine can then be isolated by charcoal adsorption (as above) or by distillation, recrystallization, or reverse osmosis. [207] a b Murray A, Traylor J (January 2019). "Caffeine Toxicity". StatPearls [Internet] (Mini-review). PMID 30422505. Sherwood L, Kell R (2009). Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (1st Canadianed.). Nelsen. pp.613–9. ISBN 978-0-17-644107-4. Riba A, Tasman J, Kay JS, Lieberman MB, First MB (2014). Psychiatry (Fourthed.). John Wiley & Sons. p.1446. ISBN 978-1-118-75336-1.

Decaffeinated" coffees do in fact contain caffeine in many cases– some commercially available decaffeinated coffee products contain considerable levels. One study found that decaffeinated coffee contained 10mg of caffeine per cup, compared to approximately 85mg of caffeine per cup for regular coffee. [208] Detection in body fluids Cano-Marquina A, Tarín JJ, Cano A (May 2013). "The impact of coffee on health". Maturitas. 75 (1): 7–21. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2013.02.002. PMID 23465359. Santos C, Costa J, Santos J, Vaz-Carneiro A, Lunet N (2010). "Caffeine intake and dementia: systematic review and meta-analysis". Journal of Alzheimer's Disease. 20 (Suppl 1): S187-204. doi: 10.3233/JAD-2010-091387. PMID 20182026.a b Schneider MB, Benjamin HJ, etal. (Committee on Nutrition and the Council on Sports Medicine and Fitness) (June 2011). "Sports drinks and energy drinks for children and adolescents: are they appropriate?". Pediatrics. 127 (6): 1182–1189. doi: 10.1542/peds.2011-0965. PMID 21624882.

Some people use caffeine-containing beverages such as coffee or tea to try to treat their asthma. [45] Evidence to support this practice is poor. [45] It appears that caffeine in low doses improves airway function in people with asthma, increasing forced expiratory volume (FEV1) by 5% to 18% for up to four hours. [46]

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Myers RL (2007). The 100 Most Important Chemical Compounds: A Reference Guide. Greenwood Press. p. 55. ISBN 978-0-313-33758-1 . Retrieved 17 June 2018. According to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), cases of very high caffeine intake (e.g. > 5 g) may result in caffeine intoxication with symptoms including mania, depression, lapses in judgment, disorientation, disinhibition, delusions, hallucinations or psychosis, and rhabdomyolysis. [140] Energy drinks Tablets offer several advantages over coffee, tea, and other caffeinated beverages, including convenience, known dosage, and avoidance of concomitant intake of sugar, acids, and fluids. A use of caffeine in this form is said to improve mental alertness. [238] These tablets are commonly used by students studying for their exams and by people who work or drive for long hours. [239] Other oral products Paraxanthine (84%): Increases lipolysis, leading to elevated glycerol and free fatty acid levels in blood plasma. Ebenezer I (2015). Neuropsychopharmacology and Therapeutics. John Wiley & Sons. p.18. ISBN 978-1-118-38578-4. However, in contrast to other psychoactive stimulants, such as amphetamine and cocaine, caffeine and the other methylxanthines do not produce euphoria, stereotyped behaviors or psychotic like symptoms in large doses.